adverbs of manner
Tom is a careful driver. Adjective
Tom drives carefully. Adverb = Adj. + ly
We use adjectives to describe a noun or pronoun.
We normally use adverbs of manner to describe verbs.
They sometimes may also be used to describe adjectives (adverbs of degree)
Formation of adverbs from adjectives
Adjective: simple Adverb: simply Rule: "le" is replaced by "ly"
Adjective: complete Adverb: completely Rule: silent "e" stays
Adjective happy Adverb: happily Rule: "y" --> "ily" (exception: shyly)
Adjective realistic Adverb: realistically Rule: "ic" + "ally" (exception: publicly)
Special forms
The doctor was friendly. He spoke in a friendly way .
Selena is a good dancer. She can dance well.
Attention!: "Well" can also be an adjective: He is well again.
Adjectives after stative verbs (=Zustandsverben)
Janet felt tired after her final exam.
Ben was excited on his first trip.
John seemed a little angry.
The following verbs express a state or a quality not an action.
Thus they are described by adjectives and not by adverbs: be, become/get, seem, feel, look, smell, sound, taste
Attention!:
She looked angry. (sah...aus) (Zustand)
She looked at us angrily. (sah uns an) (Tätigkeit)
Some adverbs have the same meaning and form as adjectives:
The buildings are high .
The bird flies high.
Helen`s hair is very long.
Helen had to wait long.
adjective: daily adverb: daily
adjective: left adverb: left
adjective: early adverb: early
adjective: fast adverb: fast
adjective: right adverb: right
adjective: long adverb: long
adjective: straight adverb: straight
adjective: far adverb: far
Some adjectives have two adverb forms (Difference in meaning)
Jack can hardly understand Spanish. (hardly = kaum)
I was deeply worried. (deeply = zutiefst)
Sarah freely gave away all her furniture. (freely = großzügig)
deep = deep (tief) deeply = "sehr zutiefst"
near = near (nahe) nearly = "fast, beinahe"
hard = hard (hart) hardly = "kaum"
late = late (spät) lately = "in letzter Zeit"
free = free (=kostenlos/frei/gratis) freely = " freimütig, großzügig"
high = high (hoch) highly = "sehr höchst"
Adverbs of degree (=Gradadverbien)
a bit, a little, slightly, hardly, almost, barely...
quite, rather, fairly, pretty...
very, really, extremely, terribly, deeply, awfully, a lot...
absolutely, totally, fully, wholly, completely...
Adverbs of degree normally stand in front of the word which they weaken or intensify.
They define an adjective, an adverb or verb
Attention!
Some adverbs of degree have the end position when they describe a verb. For example: very much, a lot, a little
Overview - Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of manner (How?): slowly, happily, easily, carefully, well, quickly...
Adverbs of frequency: ususally, rarely, never, hardly, always, often, frequently, sometimes, generally, seldom, occasionally...
Adverbs of time (When?): yesterday, soon, now, yet, later, already, tomorrow, tonight, then, today, last/week/month/year...
Adverbs of place (Where?): outside, everywhere, above, here, down, under, back, off, on, east, upstairs, in, indoors...
Adverbs of degree: quite, very, almost, deeply, absolutely, almost, barely...
Adverbs of evaluation: honestly, fairly, fortunately, hopefully, clearly, obviously...
Conjunctive adverbs: additonally, besides, furthermore, equally...
