Im Englischen gibt es regelmäßige Verben (regular verbs) und unregelmäßige Verben (irregular verbs). Die regelmäßigen Verben folgen bei der Formenbildung (Konjugation) einer bestimmten Regel, während die unregelmäßigen Verben jeweils unterschiedliche Formen aufweisen.
Die drei Formen
Wie im Deutschen gibt es im Englischen regelmäßige und unregelmäßige Verben (regular and irregular verbs). Für regelmäßige Verben gibt es Regeln, nach denen sie verändert werden. Bei unregelmäßigen Verben musst du die verschiedenen Formen auswendig lernen.
Du brauchst diese Formen für die Vergangenheit, also zum Beispiel für das simple past das present perfect und das past perfect.
Zum Glück gibt es nicht so viele unregelmäßige Verben und für jedes gibt es nur drei Formen:
Grundform
Präteritum - Vergangenheit
Partizip (past participle)
Hier sind die drei Formen von ein paar regelmäßigen Verben:
Grundform | Präteritum | Partizip | |
|---|---|---|---|
to talk | talked | talked | |
to play | played | played | |
to smile | smiled | smiled |
Wie du siehst, musst du für die zweite und dritte Form nur ein -ed anhängen.
Hier sind die drei Formen von ein paar unregelmäßigen Verben:
Grundform | Präteritum | Partizip | |
|---|---|---|---|
to go | went | gone | |
to say | said | said | |
to buy | bought | bought | |
to sing | sang | sung |
Hier siehst du, dass bei manchen unregelmäßigen Verben wie say oder buy die zweite und dritte Form gleich sind. Bei anderen wie go oder sing sind sie unterschiedlich.
Beispiele
Die zweite Form brauchst du für Sätze im simple past:
We went to the mall and I bought a new pair of shoes.
Die dritte Form brauchst du zum Beispiel für Sätze im present perfect:
We have gone home because it was so late.
I have already eaten all my lunch. I'm still hungry.
Die häufigsten unregelmäßigen Verben (irregular verbs)
Grundform | Präteritum | Partizip | |
|---|---|---|---|
to be | was/were | been | |
to become | became | become | |
to begin | began | begun | |
to break | broke | broken | |
to bring | brought | brought | |
to build | built | built | |
to buy | bought | bought | |
to can | could | -no participle- | |
to catch | caught | caught | |
to choose | chose | chosen | |
to come | came | come | |
to do | did | done | |
to draw | drew | drawn | |
to drink | drank | drunk | |
to drive | drove | driven | |
to eat | ate | eaten | |
to fall | fell | fallen | |
to feel | felt | felt | |
to fight | fought | fought | |
to find | found | found | |
to fly | flew | flown | |
to forget | forgot | forgotten | |
to get | got | gotten | |
to give | gave | given | |
to go | went | gone | |
to grow | grew | grown | |
to have | had | had | |
to hear | heard | heard | |
to hit | hit | hit | |
to hurt | hurt | hurt | |
to keep | kept | kept | |
to know | knew | known | |
to learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | |
to leave | left | left | |
to lose | lost | lost | |
to make | made | made | |
to meet | met | met | |
to pay | paid | paid | |
to put | put | put | |
to read | read | read | |
to ride | rode | ridden | |
to ring | rang | rung | |
to rise | rose | risen | |
to run | ran | run | |
to see | saw | seen | |
to sell | sold | sold | |
to shut | shut | shut | |
to sing | sang | sung | |
to sit | sat | sat | |
to sleep | slept | slept | |
to smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | |
to speak | spoke | spoken | |
to stand | stood | stood | |
to swim | swam | swum | |
to take | took | taken | |
to teach | taught | taught | |
to tell | told | told | |
to think | thought | thought | |
to throw | threw | thrown | |
to understand | understood | understood | |
to wake | woke | woken | |
to wear | wore | worn | |
to win | won | won | |
to write | wrote | written |
